Peptide Library

A next-generation research peptide derived from the Semax family and designed to explore whether structural modifications can improve peptide stability and interaction with the central nervous system. Adamax has attracted interest in cognitive, neuroprotective, focus, memory, and neuroplasticity research, although direct Adamax-specific studies are still emerging.

AHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding peptide studied for its potential role in hair follicle activity, skin remodeling, cellular signaling, and tissue regeneration. Closely related to the better-known GHK-Cu peptide, AHK-Cu has attracted particular interest in hair-growth and cosmetic research.

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone developed to investigate metabolic and fat-regulating effects without reproducing the full growth-promoting activity of HGH. Human studies have explored its effects on body weight and metabolic health, while laboratory and animal research has also investigated fat metabolism, cartilage, and tissue repair.

ARA-290, also known as cibinetide, is a synthetic peptide derived from erythropoietin research and developed to explore tissue-protective, anti-inflammatory, and nerve-related effects without stimulating red blood cell production. Human studies have investigated it in neuropathy, inflammatory conditions, and tissue-repair research.

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient involved in red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, neurological function, energy metabolism, and methylation. Unlike many compounds in the peptide space, B12 has decades of human research behind it and established medical uses, making it one of the most thoroughly understood molecules in this library.

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide derived from a protective protein found in gastric tissue. It has attracted significant research interest for its potential effects on tissue repair, tendon and ligament recovery, gastrointestinal protection, blood-vessel signaling, inflammation, and wound healing, although most of the evidence remains preclinical.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting analogue of the hormone amylin developed to influence appetite, satiety, and body-weight regulation. Human clinical trials have shown meaningful weight-loss effects, and combination research with semaglutide has made cagrilintide one of the more closely watched emerging metabolic peptides.

CJC-1295 No DAC, often referred to as Modified GRF 1-29, is a short-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue designed to stimulate the body’s own growth hormone pulses. It is studied for its effects on GH and IGF-1 signaling, body composition, recovery, sleep, and metabolic physiology, especially when paired with growth hormone secretagogues such as ipamorelin.

DSIP, or Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, is a naturally occurring neuropeptide first studied for its potential role in sleep regulation. Research has since explored its relationship with sleep architecture, stress response, pain signaling, neuroendocrine activity, and circadian biology, making it an unusual and still intriguing peptide in nervous-system research.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding peptide studied extensively for its role in skin remodeling, collagen and extracellular-matrix activity, wound repair, antioxidant defense, inflammation, hair biology, and healthy aging. With decades of research behind it, GHK-Cu is one of the best-established compounds in the cosmetic and regenerative peptide space.

GHRP-6 is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue studied for its ability to stimulate growth hormone release through the ghrelin receptor. In addition to GH signaling, it is particularly known for its effects on appetite and has been investigated in research involving metabolism, recovery, body composition, gastrointestinal function, and neuroendocrine physiology.

GLOW is a multi-peptide research blend commonly combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500. The concept brings together three different areas of regenerative biology: copper-peptide signaling and extracellular-matrix remodeling, BPC-157’s preclinical tissue-repair and vascular research, and thymosin-related cell-migration and wound-healing pathways. The individual components have intriguing research histories, but GLOW itself is not a standardized pharmaceutical formulation and has not been validated as a three-peptide combination in controlled human clinical trials.

Glutathione (GSH) is a naturally occurring three-amino-acid molecule and one of the body’s most important intracellular antioxidant and redox systems. Made from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, glutathione helps cells manage oxidative stress, recycle antioxidants, process reactive compounds, support detoxification pathways, and maintain normal immune and mitochondrial function. Unlike many research compounds, glutathione’s fundamental biological importance is firmly established. Research now focuses heavily on how nutrition, oral supplementation, precursors, disease, aging, and different delivery methods influence glutathione status.

Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue that activates the ghrelin receptor and stimulates the body’s own release of growth hormone. Researchers are especially interested in its relatively selective endocrine profile and its potential relevance to growth hormone signaling, recovery, body composition, sleep, aging physiology, and combination research with GHRH analogues.

KLOW is a multi-peptide research blend combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500, and KPV. Each component has been studied separately for different aspects of tissue repair, inflammation, extracellular-matrix remodeling, vascular signaling, and wound biology. The appeal of KLOW is the idea of combining those complementary mechanisms into one research formulation, although the complete four-peptide blend itself has not been tested in controlled clinical trials.

KPV is a tiny three-amino-acid peptide derived from the anti-inflammatory region of alpha-MSH. Researchers are especially interested in its effects on inflammatory signaling, intestinal inflammation, skin biology, immune regulation, and barrier-tissue health. Preclinical studies have shown particularly interesting activity involving NF-kB, inflammatory cytokines, and experimental colitis.

Lipo-C is a commonly used name for injectable blends containing lipotropic nutrients involved in fat transport, liver metabolism, methylation, and cellular energy production. Formulas vary considerably, but commonly include methionine, choline, inositol, L-carnitine, and vitamin B12. Research supports important biological roles for the individual ingredients, while the combined Lipo-C formula itself has much less direct clinical evidence for weight loss.

What Is Lipo-C? Lipo-C is not one single standardized drug or peptide. It is a name commonly used for compounded lipotropic injection blends intended to combine nutrients involved in fat metabolism and energy production. The exact formula can vary substantially between pharmacies and manufacturers. Common ingredients include: Methionine Choline Inositol L-Carnitine Vitamin B12 Sometimes additional B vitamins such as B5 or B6 For example, one currently marketed compounded Lipo-C contains methionine, choline, L-carnitine, and dexpanthenol, while other formulas add inositol and B12. That variability is important. When discussing Lipo-C research, it makes more sense to examine the science behind its individual ingredients than to assume every product called “Lipo-C” is identical. Why Are Researchers Interested in It? Lipo-C blends combine several nutrients that participate in interconnected metabolic pathways. Researchers are particularly interested in their roles involving: fatty-acid transport, liver lipid metabolism, methylation, cell membranes, mitochondrial energy production, nutrient metabolism, and vitamin B12 status. These mechanisms explain why lipotropic injections became popular in metabolic and weight-management settings. The concept is that supplying several metabolic cofactors together may support the biological systems involved in processing and transporting fats. That is different from saying Lipo-C directly “melts” body fat. The individual nutrients have legitimate metabolic functions, but the complete compounded blend has not been established as a stand-alone fat-loss treatment. What Does “Lipotropic” Mean? The word lipotropic refers to substances involved in the metabolism or transport of fats, particularly within the liver. The liver constantly processes dietary fats, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids. Several nutrients found in Lipo-C participate directly in these systems. Choline, for example, is needed to produce phosphatidylcholine, an important component of cell membranes and lipoproteins. Methionine participates in methylation and sulfur-amino-acid metabolism. L-carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria, where they can be oxidized for energy. So the term “lipotropic” has a real biochemical basis. The important question is whether giving additional amounts of these nutrients to someone who is already nutritionally sufficient produces meaningful extra fat loss. That question is much less settled. Methionine Methionine is an essential amino acid. The human body cannot manufacture enough of it, so it must come from the diet. Methionine participates in protein synthesis and acts as a precursor for S-adenosylmethionine, or SAMe. SAMe is one of the body's most important methyl donors. Methylation reactions are involved in: DNA regulation, neurotransmitter metabolism, phospholipid production, detoxification pathways, and numerous other cellular processes. Methionine also contributes to production of cysteine and glutathione-related pathways. Within Lipo-C, methionine is usually included because of its relationship with methylation and hepatic lipid metabolism. Choline Choline is one of the most scientifically important ingredients in traditional lipotropic formulas. It is an essential nutrient needed for: cell-membrane structure, acetylcholine production, methylation, liver function, and lipid transport. Choline is required for production of phosphatidylcholine, which helps the liver package triglycerides into very-low-density lipoproteins, or VLDL. Without adequate choline, fat can accumulate within the liver. This relationship between choline and hepatic fat metabolism is well established. That doesn't mean additional injectable choline automatically causes body-fat loss, but it does explain why choline became a central ingredient in lipotropic formulas. Inositol Inositol is a naturally occurring carbohydrate-like compound involved in cellular signaling. It is sometimes grouped with the B vitamins, although technically it is not an essential vitamin in the traditional sense. Different forms of inositol participate in signaling pathways involving: insulin, neurotransmitters, cell membranes, ovarian function, and metabolic regulation. Myo-inositol is the form most commonly used in supplements and metabolic research. Within Lipo-C formulas, inositol is typically included because of its relationship with cellular signaling and lipid metabolism. It has also been studied separately in areas such as insulin sensitivity and polycystic ovary syndrome. L-Carnitine L-carnitine plays a direct role in mitochondrial fatty-acid metabolism. Long-chain fatty acids cannot simply enter mitochondria on their own. Carnitine helps transport them across the mitochondrial membrane so they can undergo beta-oxidation and be used for energy. This is one of the clearest metabolic mechanisms among Lipo-C ingredients. Carnitine deficiency can impair fatty-acid oxidation. Researchers have also studied L-carnitine in exercise physiology, mitochondrial disorders, cardiovascular research, and metabolic health. However, having an important role in fat oxidation does not automatically mean extra carnitine causes large amounts of fat loss in people who already have sufficient carnitine. Its role is better understood as supporting the machinery that allows fatty acids to be metabolized. Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is frequently included in Lipo-C formulas. B12 is essential for red-blood-cell production, neurological function, DNA synthesis, and normal cellular metabolism. Deficiency can contribute to fatigue, anemia, neurological symptoms, and impaired function. Injectable cyanocobalamin is itself an established prescription drug for appropriate B12 replacement. This is an important distinction. B12 can dramatically improve symptoms caused by B12 deficiency. But in someone whose B12 status is already adequate, an injection does not automatically create a large additional energy or fat-burning effect. That doesn't make B12 unimportant. It simply means its strongest benefits appear when correcting or preventing deficiency. Why Do People Associate Lipo-C With Energy? Several ingredients within Lipo-C participate in energy metabolism. B12 is required for normal cellular metabolism. L-carnitine participates in mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation. Methionine and choline contribute to pathways involved in liver function and methylation. Because deficiencies in some of these nutrients can cause fatigue or metabolic problems, correcting a deficiency may noticeably improve how someone feels. That has contributed to Lipo-C's reputation as an “energy shot.” However, energy perception is highly individual, and the complete Lipo-C combination has not been established as a universal stimulant. Lipo-C & Fat Metabolism The connection between Lipo-C and fat metabolism is biologically plausible. Carnitine helps move fatty acids into mitochondria. Choline participates in hepatic lipid transport. Methionine contributes to methylation pathways involved in lipid processing. Inositol participates in cellular signaling. These are real biological functions. But there is an important distinction between participating in fat metabolism and causing substantial loss of stored body fat. A nutrient can be essential for a metabolic pathway without the pathway becoming faster simply because more of that nutrient is supplied. This is why weight-loss claims for Lipo-C should be kept more conservative than the underlying biochemistry. Lipo-C & the Liver The liver is central to the lipotropic concept. It packages, transports, stores, and metabolizes fats. Choline deficiency is particularly relevant because inadequate choline can interfere with the liver's ability to export triglycerides. Methionine is also connected to hepatic methylation and phospholipid metabolism. These relationships are why methionine, inositol, and choline became the classic “MIC” combination used in older lipotropic formulas. Lipo-C formulations generally build on that concept by adding compounds such as carnitine and B vitamins. Mitochondrial Energy Research L-carnitine gives Lipo-C an especially direct connection with mitochondrial research. Mitochondria are the cellular structures responsible for producing much of the body's usable energy. Fatty acids can provide enormous amounts of energy, but long-chain fatty acids first have to be transported into mitochondria. The carnitine shuttle performs this job. This is why carnitine deficiency can have serious metabolic consequences. It also explains why L-carnitine is frequently studied in areas involving mitochondrial function, exercise, metabolism, and energy production. Lipo-C vs. MIC Injections MIC traditionally stands for: Methionine Inositol Choline Some formulations add cyanocobalamin and are called MICC. “Lipo-C” usually refers to a more expanded lipotropic mixture, often adding L-carnitine and sometimes B vitamins. However, these names are not standardized. One pharmacy's Lipo-C can be meaningfully different from another pharmacy's Lipo-C. Current compounded products illustrate this variation directly. That means ingredient lists and concentrations matter much more than the product nickname. Lipo-C & Weight-Loss Programs Lipo-C is commonly offered alongside nutrition plans, exercise programs, and prescription weight-management therapies. This can make it difficult to determine how much weight change comes specifically from the injection. A person who begins Lipo-C while simultaneously reducing calories, increasing protein, exercising, or starting another medication may lose weight. But that does not establish that Lipo-C itself caused the loss. The most scientifically accurate way to view it is as a combination of metabolic nutrients that may support normal physiological processes, not as a proven independent obesity medication. Is Lipo-C a Peptide? No. Lipo-C is not technically a peptide. Methionine is an amino acid. Choline and inositol are nutrients. L-carnitine is an amino-acid-derived compound. B12 is a vitamin. It still makes sense to include Lipo-C in a broader peptide and wellness library because it frequently appears alongside injectable peptides, metabolic therapies, and wellness formulations. But chemically, it belongs in a different category. Evidence Snapshot Individual ingredient evidence: Strong. The physiological roles of methionine, choline, carnitine, inositol, and B12 are well established. Choline and liver metabolism: Strong. Choline plays an established role in hepatic lipid transport and normal liver physiology. L-carnitine and fatty-acid metabolism: Strong. Carnitine's role in transporting fatty acids into mitochondria is established biochemistry. B12: Strong human evidence for treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Inositol: Meaningful human research exists in several metabolic and endocrine areas. Complete Lipo-C blend for weight loss: Limited. There is not strong controlled evidence showing that the compounded combination itself produces substantial weight loss in otherwise nutrient-sufficient individuals. What Do We Know? The components of Lipo-C are not random ingredients. They participate in genuine and important metabolic processes. Choline helps transport lipids out of the liver. L-carnitine helps transport fatty acids into mitochondria. Methionine contributes to methylation and amino-acid metabolism. B12 supports neurological, hematological, and cellular metabolic function. Inositol contributes to cellular signaling. That creates a reasonable biological foundation for studying these nutrients together. What remains far less established is the popular claim that injecting the blend automatically causes accelerated fat loss. What Are Researchers Still Trying to Determine? The biggest research gap is the complete formulation. Controlled trials would be needed to determine whether combining these nutrients produces meaningful advantages over adequate nutrition or supplementation alone. Researchers would also need to identify which people benefit most. Someone deficient in B12, carnitine, choline, or another nutrient may respond very differently from someone who already has adequate levels. Other useful research questions include: effects on body composition, liver-fat metabolism, energy expenditure, appetite, metabolic markers, and whether particular ingredient combinations outperform others. Because formulas vary, standardization would also be necessary before results could be compared reliably. Research & Regulatory Status There is no single FDA-approved drug called “Lipo-C.” Lipo-C products are commonly compounded formulations, and FDA does not approve compounded drugs before they are marketed. That means FDA does not independently verify their safety, effectiveness, or quality in the same way it does for approved medications. Some individual ingredients do have established medical uses. For example, prescription cyanocobalamin injection is marketed under approved drug pathways for vitamin B12 replacement. That should not be interpreted as FDA approval of a combined Lipo-C weight-loss formulation. Your Pep Resource Takeaway Lipo-C is best understood as a metabolic nutrient blend rather than a fat-burning peptide. Its ingredients have legitimate biological roles. Choline contributes to liver lipid transport. L-carnitine is essential to mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation. Methionine participates in methylation and metabolic pathways. Inositol contributes to cellular signaling. Vitamin B12 is essential for normal blood, neurological, and metabolic function. So there is real science behind the ingredients. Where the marketing can outrun the evidence is the jump from “these nutrients participate in fat metabolism” to “injecting them causes major fat loss.” That has not been established. For researchers interested in fat metabolism, mitochondrial function, liver health, nutrient biology, energy metabolism, methylation, and injectable wellness compounds, Lipo-C remains an interesting formulation—but one that should be evaluated by its actual ingredient list rather than its name alone. Research Areas / Search Keywords Lipo-C, Lipo C, Lipo-C injection, lipotropic injection, lipotropic shot, lipotropic nutrients, MIC injection, MIC shot, MICC injection, methionine inositol choline, methionine choline carnitine, L-carnitine injection, carnitine research, choline research, inositol research, methionine research, vitamin B12 injection, cyanocobalamin, B12 shot, energy shot, metabolism injection, metabolism research, metabolic support research, fat metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, fat transport, mitochondrial fat metabolism, mitochondria, mitochondrial energy, beta oxidation, carnitine shuttle, liver metabolism, liver fat research, hepatic lipid metabolism, fatty liver research, choline deficiency, phosphatidylcholine, VLDL, lipid transport, methylation, SAMe, S-adenosylmethionine, cellular energy, nutrient metabolism, body composition research, weight management research, wellness injection, compounded injection, Lipo-C vs MIC, Lipo-B, lipotropic blend, metabolic nutrients, injectable vitamins, research compound, wellness research. Educational Disclaimer This profile is provided for educational and research-information purposes only. Lipo-C formulas vary between compounding pharmacies and manufacturers, and research involving individual ingredients does not establish that a combined Lipo-C injection is safe or effective for weight loss or another medical condition. Compounded Lipo-C products are not FDA-approved drugs, although individual ingredients such as vitamin B12 may have established approved medical uses.

Melanotan I and Melanotan II are synthetic analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a naturally occurring peptide involved in pigmentation and melanocortin signaling. Both were developed to stimulate melanin production, but their pharmacology differs significantly. MT-1 became the foundation for the FDA-approved drug afamelanotide, while MT-2 remains experimental and has broader effects involving pigmentation, appetite, and sexual-function pathways.

MOTS-c is a naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for its role in cellular energy regulation, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, exercise adaptation, and healthy aging. Unlike most peptides encoded by nuclear DNA, MOTS-c originates from mitochondrial DNA, making it especially interesting in research involving metabolism and communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell.

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a modified form of Selank designed to potentially improve peptide stability and duration while preserving Selank-related neuroregulatory activity. Interest centers on anxiety and stress signaling, cognition, memory, BDNF and neuroplasticity, serotonin-related pathways, and emotional regulation. The scientific foundation comes largely from Selank research, while direct published evidence on the modified N-acetyl amidated version remains much more limited.

N-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate is a modified derivative of Epitalon, a short peptide associated with aging, cellular longevity, circadian biology, melatonin regulation, oxidative stress, and telomere research. The N-acetyl and amidated modifications are intended to potentially improve peptide stability, but most published evidence comes from Epitalon and related AEDG peptide research rather than the modified NA Epitalon molecule itself.

NAD+ is an essential coenzyme found in virtually every cell in the body and plays a central role in cellular energy production, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, redox balance, and cellular stress responses. NAD+ biology has become a major focus of aging and metabolic research because NAD+ availability can decline with age and metabolic stress, while several longevity-associated enzymes—including sirtuins and PARPs—depend on NAD+ to function.

Peptide bioregulators are short chains of amino acids studied for their potential role in cell signaling, tissue-specific regulation, aging biology, recovery, and organ function. Much of the research comes from Eastern European and Russian gerontology programs, where these compounds have been investigated for decades in areas ranging from immune and neurological health to endocrine and tissue-specific support.

PT-141, also known as bremelanotide, is a melanocortin receptor agonist developed from research on Melanotan II. Unlike medications that work primarily through blood flow, bremelanotide acts through central nervous-system pathways involved in sexual desire and arousal. It is FDA approved as Vyleesi for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder in certain premenopausal women, and it has also been studied in male sexual-function research.

Retatrutide is an investigational once-weekly peptide that activates three metabolic hormone receptors at once: GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon. This “triple agonist” approach is being studied for obesity, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, cardiovascular risk, and related metabolic disease. Phase 2 trials produced unusually large reductions in body weight, and positive Phase 3 results reported in 2026 have pushed retatrutide closer to potential regulatory submission. It is not currently FDA approved.

Selank is a synthetic seven-amino-acid peptide developed from tuftsin, a naturally occurring immune-regulatory peptide. It is best known for research involving anxiety, stress resilience, cognition, memory, GABAergic signaling, gene expression, and neuroimmune regulation. Unlike many experimental neuropeptides, Selank also has published human studies, although much of that clinical literature comes from Russian research programs and it is not FDA approved in the United States.

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with extensive human clinical evidence for type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular-risk reduction, chronic kidney disease, and certain forms of fatty liver disease. Semaglutide is FDA approved in several formulations and is one of the most thoroughly studied compounds in the modern metabolic-medicine space.

Semax is a synthetic seven-amino-acid neuropeptide derived from a short fragment of ACTH and modified with a Pro-Gly-Pro sequence to improve biological stability. It has been studied most extensively for neuroprotection, ischemic stroke recovery, cognition, attention, BDNF signaling, neuroplasticity, and brain injury. Human studies exist, particularly from Russian clinical research, but Semax is not FDA approved in the United States.

Sermorelin is a synthetic 29-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone-releasing hormone, or GHRH. Rather than supplying growth hormone directly, sermorelin stimulates the pituitary gland to release the body’s own growth hormone. It has established human research showing stimulation of GH secretion and was previously FDA approved as Geref for pediatric growth hormone deficiency, although the commercial product was later discontinued.

SNAP-8, also known as Acetyl Octapeptide-3, is a cosmetic peptide designed to influence the same facial-expression pathway targeted by Argireline-style peptides. It is primarily studied for the appearance of expression lines and wrinkles by interfering with SNARE-complex signaling involved in neurotransmitter release. Its strongest support comes from manufacturer and cosmetic-industry data rather than a large independent clinical literature, so it is best viewed as a promising topical cosmetic peptide rather than a proven “Botox alternative.”

SS-31, now known clinically as elamipretide, is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide designed to bind cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Research has focused on mitochondrial energy production, oxidative stress, muscle function, cardiovascular biology, fatigue, and mitochondrial disease. In September 2025, elamipretide received FDA accelerated approval as Forzinity to improve muscle strength in adults and children with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg, making it the first FDA-approved treatment specifically for Barth syndrome.

TB-500 is a synthetic seven-amino-acid fragment derived from thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid peptide involved in actin regulation, cell migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tissue repair. Much of the exciting wound-healing and regenerative research often associated with “TB-500” actually comes from studies of full-length thymosin beta-4, not the TB-500 fragment itself. That distinction matters: thymosin beta-4 has meaningful preclinical and some human clinical research, while direct human evidence for TB-500 remains extremely limited.

Tesamorelin is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that stimulates the pituitary gland to release endogenous growth hormone, increasing downstream IGF-1 signaling. Unlike many peptides discussed in wellness settings, tesamorelin is an FDA-approved prescription drug: Egrifta SV is approved to reduce excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Human trials have shown meaningful reductions in visceral adipose tissue, and research has also explored liver fat, body composition, metabolic health, and the GH/IGF-1 axis.

Thymosin Alpha-1, also called thymalfasin, is a naturally occurring 28-amino-acid thymic peptide with strong immunomodulatory activity. It helps regulate T-cell development, innate immune signaling, dendritic-cell function, and immune balance rather than acting as a simple “immune booster.” Synthetic thymalfasin has been approved in multiple countries for uses including chronic hepatitis B and immune support, and it has been studied in sepsis, cancer, severe infections, and vaccine response. In the United States, however, thymosin Alpha-1 is not currently FDA approved.

Tirzepatide is a once-weekly dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with one of the strongest human evidence bases in modern metabolic medicine. It is FDA approved as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and as Zepbound for chronic weight management and, more recently, moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity. In major obesity trials, tirzepatide produced average weight reductions approaching 21%, and in a direct 2025 comparison it outperformed semaglutide for weight loss.